Journal
MICROCIRCULATION
Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages 269-277Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/micc.12025
Keywords
calcium; vascular tone; smooth muscle; arterioles; sympathetic nerve activity
Categories
Funding
- [1R01 HL091969]
- [1 R01 HL 107654]
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Objectives We sought to determine some of the molecular requirements for basal state tone of skeletal muscle arterioles in vivo, and whether asynchronous Ca2+ waves are involved or not. Methods Cremaster muscles of anesthetized exMLCK and smGCaMP2 biosensor mice were exteriorized, and the fluorescent arterioles were visualized with wide-field, confocal or multiphoton microscopy to observe Ca2+ signaling and arteriolar diameter. Results Basal state tone of the arterioles was similar to 50%. Local block of Ang-II receptors (AT1) or 1-adrenoceptors (1-AR) had no effect on diameter, nor did complete block of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Inhibition of phospholipase C caused dilation nearly to the Ca2+-free (passive) diameter, as did exposure to nifedipine or 2-APB. Arterioles were also dilated when treated with SKF96365. High-resolution imaging of exMLCK fluorescence (ratio) or GCaMP2 fluorescence in smooth muscle cells failed to reveal Ca2+ waves (although Ca2+ waves/transients were readily detected by both biosensors in small arteries, ex vivo). Conclusions Arterioles of cremaster muscle have vascular tone of similar to 50%, which is not due to 1-AR, AT1R, or SNA. PLC activity, L-type Ca2+ channels, 2-APB- and SKF96365-sensitive channels are required. Propagating Ca2+ waves are not present. A key role for PLC and InsP3R in vascular tone in vivo, other than producing Ca2+ waves, is suggested.
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