Journal
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Volume 165, Issue 7, Pages 594-608Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2009.10.002
Keywords
Actinomycetes; Antibiotics; Primary succession; Subsurface; 16S rDNA-ITS
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Funding
- Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [IAA600660607]
- Czech Science Foundation [526/03/1259]
- Agency of University of South Bohemia [54/2004/P-BF]
- Institute of Soil Biology ASCR [AV0Z60660521]
- Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [LC 06066, 2B06154]
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The genetic diversity of streptomycetes in colliery spoil heaps (Sokolov, Czech Republic) was investigated by restriction pattern analysis of 16S-internal transcribed spacer rDNA and 16S sequences. We sampled freshly excavated Miocene sediment (17-19-million-year-old) and four sites of primary succession (initial, early, middle, and late stages; aged 1-44 years) on the same sediment. Active bacteria were present even in fresh Miocene sediment, and the relative proportion of actinomycetes among total bacterial and their genetic diversity increased significantly with the age of the sampling site. The replacement of pioneer species by late succession species during succession was observed. Plate assays of Streptomyces strains revealed 27% antibiotic-producing strains. Screening for nonribosomal peptide synthases and type I polyketide synthases systems suggested that 90% and 55% streptomycetes, respectively, are putative producers of biologically active compounds. The frequencies of tetracycline-, amoxicillin-, and chloramphenicol-resistant streptomycetes were 6%, 9%, and 15%, respectively. These findings document the occurrence of genetic elements encoding antibiotic resistance genes and the production of antibiotics by streptomycetes located in pristine environments. Our results indicate key roles for ancient streptomycetes related to S. microflavus, S. spororaveus, and S. flavofuscus in pioneering community development in freshly excavated substrates. (C) 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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