Catechol biosynthesis from glucose in Escherichia coli anthranilate-overproducer strains by heterologous expression of anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Background: The aromatic compound catechol is used as a precursor of chemical products having multiple applications. This compound is currently manufactured by chemical synthesis from petroleum-derived raw materials. The capacity to produce catechol is naturally present in several microbial species. This knowledge has been applied to the generation of recombinant Escherichia coli strains that can produce catechol from simple carbon sources. Results: Several strains derived from E. coli W3110 trpD9923, a mutant that overproduces anthranilate, were modified by transforming them with an expression plasmid carrying genes encoding anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The additional expression of genes encoding a feedback inhibition resistant version of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase and transketolase from E. coli, was also evaluated. Generated strains were characterized in complex or minimal medium in shake-flask and fed-batch bioreactor cultures and incubation temperatures ranging from 37 to 28 degrees C. These experiments enabled the identification of culture conditions for the production of 4.47 g/L of catechol with strain W3110 trpD9923, expressing 1,2-dioxygenase, DAHP synthase and transketolase. When considering the amount of glucose consumed, a yield of 16% was calculated, corresponding to 42% of the theoretical maximum as determined by elementary node flux analysis. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the feasibility of applying metabolic engineering for generating E. coli strains for the production of catechol from glucose via anthranilate. These results are a starting point to further optimize environmentally-compatible production capacity for catechol and derived compounds.