Journal
METHODS
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 117-129Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.02.011
Keywords
Apoptosis; Necrosis; Necroptosis; Cell death; Caspases; RIPIK; DNA fragmentation; Cytokeratin 18; Methods
Funding
- European grants [MRTN-CT-035624]
- FP7 EC RTD Integrated Project [FP7-200767]
- Belgian grants (Interuniversity Attraction Poles) [IAP 6/18, IAP 7/32]
- Flemish grants (Research Foundation Flanders) [FWO G.0875.11, FWO G.0973.11, FWO G.0A45.12N]
- FWO G.0875.11Ghent University grants
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)
- Methusalem grant from the Flemish Government [B0F09/01M00709]
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Cell death research during the last decades has revealed many molecular signaling cascades, often leading to distinct cell death modalities followed by immune responses. For historical reasons, the prototypic and best characterized cell death modes are apoptosis and necrosis (dubbed necroptosis, to indicate that it is regulated). There is mounting evidence for the interplay between cell death modalities and their redundant action when one of them is interfered with. This increase in cell death research points to the need for characterizing cell death pathways by different approaches at the biochemical, cellular and if possible, physiological level. In this review we present a selection of techniques to detect cell death and to distinguish necrosis from apoptosis. The distinction should be based on pharmacologic and transgenic approaches in combination with several biochemical and morphological criteria. A particular problem in defining necrosis is that in the absence of phagocytosis, apoptotic cells become secondary necrotic and develop morphologic and biochemical features of primary necrosis. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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