Exercise Attenuates M1 Macrophages and CD8+ T Cells in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice

Purpose: Obesity is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, which has been attributed to changes in the number and types of leukocytes in adipose tissue. Exercise training is thought to be important for the reduction of adipose tissue inflammation, but the mechanisms by which this may occur are incompletely understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of exercise training on several inflammation-associated changes in adipose tissue, including infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and T cells. Methods: Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups that received a normal diet (ND) plus sedentary (n = 8), an ND plus exercise training (n = 8), a high-fat diet (HFD) plus sedentary (n = 12), and an HFD plus exercise training (n = 12). Mice were fed the ND or the HFD from 4 to 20 wk of age. Mice in the exercise groups ran on a treadmill for 60 min.d(-1), 5 d.wk(-1) over the same points. Results: Mice fed the HFD had increased numbers of macrophage clusters in adipose tissue, which were reduced by exercise training. Similarly, adipose tissue from the HFD sedentary mice contained higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA and increased numbers of CD11c(+) inflammatory macrophages and CD8(+) T cells than adipose tissue from the ND mice, and those were also lowered by exercise training. The mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant proteins 1 and 2 and macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 alpha and 1 beta in adipose tissue were lower in the HFD exercise mice than those in the HFD sedentary mice. Conclusions: The results suggest that exercise training reduces adipose tissue inflammation by suppressing infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and CD8(+) T cells.