Trained men display increased basal heat shock protein content of skeletal muscle

Purpose: 1) To compare the baseline levels of heat shock and antioxidant protein content in the skeletal muscle of trained and untrained humans and 2) to characterize the exercise-induced stress response of aerobically trained human skeletal muscle to air acute exercise challenge. Methods: Resting muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of six untrained and six aerobically trained young males. To characterize the stress response of a trained population, the trained subjects also performed a 45-min nondamaging running exercise protocol at an intensity corresponding to 75% of VO2max. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle at 48 h and 7 d after exercise. Results: Trained subjects displayed significantly higher (P < 0.05) testing levels of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60, 25%), alpha B-crystallin (43%), and manganese superoxide (MnSOD, 45%) protein content compared with untrained subjects. Trained subjects also exhibited no significant change (P > 0.05) in resting levels of HSP70 (16%), HSC70 (13%), and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (46%) compared with untrained subjects. Resting HSP27 levels were unaffected by exercise training (P > 0.05). In the trained subjects, exercise failed to induce significant increases (P > 0.05) in muscle content of HSP70, HSC70, HSP60, HSP27, alpha B-crystallin, and MnSOD protein content or in the activity of SOD at any time point after exercise. Conclusion: This study demonstrates for the first time that trained men display a selective up-regulation of basal hear shock and antioxidant protein content and do not exhibit a stress response to customary running exercise. It is suggested that an increase in these protective systems functions to maintain homeostasis during the stress of exercise by protecting against disruptions to the cytoskeleton/contractile machinery, by maintaining redox balance, and by facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis.