Journal
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 29, Issue 5, Pages 683-741Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/med.20151
Keywords
nitrite; vasodilation; ischemia/reperfusion; nitric oxide; hypoxia
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council
- NIH [GM55792, HL05891, HL078706]
- National Institute of General Medicine
- DFG [RA 969/4-1, KE 405/5-1]
- Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [04-05-49383, 07-04-1350ofi_c]
- French ECONET
- MRC [G0701115] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0701115] Funding Source: researchfish
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R29HL058091, R37HL058091, R01HL058091, K02HL078706] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [ZIAES050139, ZIAES050117] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM055792, R29GM055792] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Ask authors/readers for more resources
In this review we consider the effects of endogenous and pharmacological levels of nitrite under conditions of hypoxia. In humans, the nitrite anion has long been considered as metastable intermediate in the oxidation of nitric oxide radicals to the stable metabolite nitrate. This oxidation cascade was thought to be irreversible under physiological conditions. However, a growing body of experimental observations attests that the presence of endogenous nitrite regulates a number of signaling events along the physiological and pathophysiological oxygen gradient. Hypoxic signaling events include vasodilation, modulation of mitochondrial respiration, and cytoprotection following ischemic insult. These phenomena are attributed to the reduction of nitrite anions to nitric oxide if local oxygen levels in tissues decrease. Recent research identified a growing list of enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways for this endogenous reduction of nitrite. Additional direct signaling events not involving free nitric oxide are proposed. We here discuss the mechanisms and properties of these various pathways and the role played by the local concentration of free oxygen in the affected tissue. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 5, 683-741, 2009
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available