Antimicrobial and antiquorum-sensing studies. Part 2: synthesis, antimicrobial, antiquorum-sensing and cytotoxic activities of new series of fused [1,3,4]thiadiazole and [1,3]benzothiazole derivatives

New series of [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines, [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines, and pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazoles have been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectrometrical methods (IR, MS, H-1, and C-13 NMR). Sixteen of the synthesized compounds; namely, 3a, b, 5a-f, 8a, b, 10, 11a-c, and 13a, b were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. They were found to be either moderately active, slightly active or inactive against the selected microorganisms. The antifungal activity of these compounds were also tested against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus 293, and Aspergillus flavus 3375. Compound 11a showed potent antifungal activity against the three selected fungi; the rest of the tested compounds displayed either weaker activity or were completely inactive. The same compounds were examined for antiquorum-sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, where compounds 3a, 10, 11a, and 13a, b exhibited promising activity. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of these compounds was also studied by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, and results indicated that compounds 3a, 11a, and 13a have the highest cytotoxic activity.