Journal
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
Volume 44, Issue 7, Pages 491-499Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/medicina44070064
Keywords
Ca2+ channels; kinases; phosphorylation; inactivation; facilitation
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This review analyzes the structure and regulation mechanisms of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel in the heart. L-type Ca2+ channels in the heart are composed of four different polypeptide subunits, and the pore-forming subunit alpha(1), is the most important part of the channel. In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ enter cell cytoplasm from extracellular space mainly through L-type Ca2+ channels; these channels are very important system in heart Ca2+ uptake regulation. L-type Ca2+ channels are responsible for the activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum channels (RyR2) and force of muscle contraction generation in heart; hence, activity of the heart depends on L-type Ca2+ channels. Phosphorylation of channel-forming subunits by different kinases is one of the most important ways to change the activity of L-type Ca2+ channel. Additionally, the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels depends on Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm. Ca2+ current in cardiac cells can facilitate, and this process Is regulated by phosphorylation of L-type Ca2+ channels and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Disturbances in cellular Ca2+ transport and regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels are directly related to heart diseases, life quality, and life span.
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