Increasing incidence of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion in Victoria, Australia

Objective: To describe trends in hospitalisation for sport-related concussion. Design, setting and patients: Analysis of routinely collected hospital admissions data from all Victorian hospitals (public and private) over the 2002 03 to 2010-11 financial years for patients aged >= 15 years with a diagnosis of concussion and an ICD-10-AM external cause activity code indicating sport. Main outcome measures: Number and cost of hospitalisations; rate of hospitalisation per 100 000 participants overall and for specific sports; and percentage change in frequency and hospitalisation rate per 100 000 participants over 9 years. Results: There were 4745 hospitalisations of people aged 15 years for sport-related concussion, with a total hospital treatment cost of $17 944 799. The frequency of hospitalisation increased by 60.5% (95% CI, 41.7%-77.3%) over the 9 years, but could only partially be explained by increases in sports participation, as the rate per 100 000 participants also increased significantly, by 38.9% (95% CI, 17.5%-61.7%). After adjustment for participation, rates were highest for motor sports, equestrian activities, Australian football, rugby and roller sports. The greatest significant increases in rates were seen in roller sports, rugby, soccer and cycling. Conclusions: The frequency,and participation-adjusted rate of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion, both overall and across several sports, increased significantly over the 9 years: These findings, along with high levels of public concern, make prevention of head injury in sport a population health priority in Australia.