Are uterine leiomyoma a consequence of a chronically inflammatory immune system?

The cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma at age 50 is similar to 70% in White women and >80% in Black women. Although risk factor research is limited, increasing age, and being premenopausal, nulliparous or Black are risk factors for leiomyomas. Black women tend to have larger leiomyomas and be younger at diagnosis. Surprisingly little is known about the etiology or pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas. Women with diagnosed uterine leiomyomas have higher healthcare costs - more than 2.5 times that of women without a diagnosis. In the United States, leiomyomas are the leading indication for hysterectomy. The proposed hypothesis is that leiomyomas are caused in part by a systemic immune milieu that is chronically inflammatory - one that predominates in T helper 17 (Th17) cytokines. Inflammation can be problematic if it is not well regulated. Should an inflammatory imbalance be demonstrated to be associated with leiomyoma development and growth, this would provide an avenue for development of preventative treatments (e.g.; focus on anti-inflammatory pathways), which would substantially reduce the morbidity costs of these tumors and reduce a known health disparity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.