Journal
MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS
Volume 36, Issue 7, Pages 915-921Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.02.020
Keywords
Finite element model; Cervical spine; Asymmetric; Stability
Categories
Funding
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [112M130]
- American Hospital in Istanbul
- Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM) of Koc University
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Different finite element models of the cervical spine have been suggested for evaluating the roles of ligaments, facet joints, and disks in the stability of cervical spine under sagittal moments. However, no comprehensive study on the response of the full cervical spine that has used a detailed finite element (FE) model (C2-T1) that considers the asymmetry about the mid-sagittal plane has been reported. The aims of this study were to consider asymmetry in a FE model of the full cervical spine and to investigate the influences of ligaments, facet joints, and disk nucleus on the stability of the asymmetric model during flexion and extension. The model was validated against various published in vitro studies and FE studies for the three main loading planes. Next, the C4-C5 level was modified to simulate different cases to investigate the role of the soft tissues in segmental stability. The FE model predicted that excluding the interspinous ligament (ISL) from the index level would cause excessive instability during flexion and that excluding the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) or the ligamentum flavum (LF) would not affect segmental rotation. During extension, motion increased when the facet joints were excluded. The model without disk nucleus was unstable compared to the intact model at lower loads and exhibited a similar rotation response at higher loads. (C) 2014 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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