Journal
MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS
Volume 35, Issue 8, Pages 1155-1164Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.12.005
Keywords
Brain-computer interface (BCI); Steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEP); Robotic wheelchair; Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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Funding
- National Council of Technical and Scientific Research (Consejo Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica, CONICET), Argentina
- MINCYT (Argentina)
- CAPES (Brazil)
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This work presents a brain-computer interface (BCI) used to operate a robotic wheelchair. The experiments were performed on 15 subjects (13 of them healthy). The BCI is based on steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEP) and the stimuli flickering are performed at high frequency (37, 38, 39 and 40 Hz). This high frequency stimulation scheme can reduce or even eliminate visual fatigue, allowing the user to achieve a stable performance for long term BCI operation. The BCI system uses power-spectral density analysis associated to three bipolar electroencephalographic channels. As the results show, 2 subjects were reported as SSVEP-BCI illiterates (not able to use the BCI), and, consequently, 13 subjects (12 of them healthy) could navigate the wheelchair in a room with obstacles arranged in four distinct configurations. Volunteers expressed neither discomfort nor fatigue due to flickering stimulation. A transmission rate of up to 72.5 bits/min was obtained, with an average of 44.6 bits/min in four trials. These results show that people could effectively navigate a robotic wheelchair using a SSVEP-based BCI with high frequency flickering stimulation. (C) 2012 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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