Journal
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
Volume 2013, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2013/264260
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Daiwa Securities Health Foundation
- Keio Gijuku Fukuzawa Memorial Fund for the Advancement of Education and Research
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25461520, 24591488, 13J07208, 23592199] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Increasing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play anti-inflammatory roles during innate immune responses. However, little is known about the effect of MSCs or their secretions on the ligand response of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8, receptors that recognize viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Macrophages play a critical role in the innate immune response to ssRNA virus infection; therefore, we investigated the effect of MSC-conditioned medium on cytokine expression in macrophages following stimulation with TLR7/8 ligands. After stimulation with TLR7/8 ligand, bone marrow-derived macrophages cultured with MSCs or in MSC-conditioned medium expressed lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 6 and higher levels of IL-10 compared to macrophages cultured without MSCs or in control medium, respectively. The modulations of cytokine expression were associated with prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) secreted by the MSCs. PGE2 enhanced extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling and suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling. Enhanced ERK signaling contributed to enhanced IL-10 production, and suppression of NF-kappa B signaling contributed to the low production of TNF-alpha. Collectively, these results indicate that MSCs and MSC-conditioned medium modulate the cytokine expression profile in macrophages following TLR7/8-mediated stimulation, which suggests that MSCs play an immunomodulatory role during ssRNA virus infection.
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