Decreased Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Vitamin D in Neonatal Neutrophils

Neutrophil activity is prolonged in newborns, suggesting decreased exposure and/or responses to immunosuppressive modulators, such as 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25-vit D-3). We hypothesized that 1,25-vit D-3 suppresses neutrophil activation and that this response is impaired in newborns. Consistent with this, 1,25-vit D-3 decreased LPS-induced expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta and VEGF in adult, but not neonatal, neutrophils. Expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3-1 alpha-hydroxylase was reduced in neonatal, relative to adult neutrophils. Moreover, 1,25-vit D-3 induced VDR gene expression in activated adult, but not neonatal, neutrophils. 1,25-vit D-3 also suppressed expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and induced expression of 5-lipoxygenase in LPS-exposed adult neutrophils, while neonatal cells were not affected. 1,25-vit D-3 had no effect on respiratory burst in either adult or neonatal cells. Anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D is impaired in neonatal neutrophils, and this may be due to decreased expression of VDR and 1 alpha-hydroxylase. Insensitivity to 1,25-vit D-3 may contribute to chronic inflammation in neonates.