Journal
REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY
Volume 220, Issue -, Pages 1-15Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.04.004
Keywords
Heterosporous lycopsida; Isoetales; Bainmedart coal measures; Lycopsid anatomy; Megaspore; Gondwana
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council (VR) [2010-3931, 2014-5234]
- Australian Research Council [A39331444]
- ARC fellowship [ARC F00102907]
- Natural Environment Research Council, U.K. [NE/H5250381/1]
- EU Synthesys programme grant [SE-TAF-4827]
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Diminutive, silica-permineralized lycopsid axes, from a Guadalupian (Middle Permian) silicified peat in the Bainmedart Coal Measures of East Antarctica are described and assigned to Paurodendron stellatum sp. nov. Axes consist only of primary-growth tissues with a vascular system characterized by an exarch actinostele with 6-20 protoxylem points. Stems have a relatively narrow cortex of thin-walled cells that are commonly degraded, but the root cortex typically contains more robust, thick-walled cells. The stems bear helically inserted, elliptical-rhombic, ligulate microphylls. Roots possess an eccentrically positioned monarch vascular strand. Paurodendron stellatum is one of a very small number of anatomically preserved lycopsid axes described from the Gondwanan Permian and represents the first post-Carboniferous record of this genus. Based on dispersed vegetative remains, megaspores and microspores, herbaceous lycopsids, such as P. stellatum, appear to have been important understorey components of both low- and high-latitude mire forests of the late Palaeozoic. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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