Recent advances in graphene quantum dots for sensing

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a kind of 0D material with characteristics derived from both graphene and carbon dots (CDs). Combining the structure of graphene with the quantum confinement and edge effects of CDs, GQDs possess unique properties. In this review, we focus on the application of GQDs in electronic, photoluminescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence sensor fabrication, and address the advantages of GQDs on physical analysis, chemical analysis and bioanalysis. We have summarized different techniques and given future perspectives for developing smart sensing based on GQDs.