Journal
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 168-184Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2009.11.007
Keywords
Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles; Stone; Consolidation; Humidity; Porosity; Non-destructive techniques
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Funding
- Government of the Community of Madrid [CM 0505/MAT/0094]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CSD2007-0058]
- Microscopy and Citommetry Centre
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Slaked lime (Ca(OH)(2)) nanoparticles were exposed at 33% and 75% relative humidity (RH) to consolidate dolostone samples used in historical buildings. Non-destructive techniques (NDT) were applied to determine the chemical, morphological, physical and hydric properties of the stone samples, before and after 20 days treatment. Morphological and mineralogical characterisation of the nanoparticles was performed. 75% RH favors the consolidation process studied under Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM-EDS), spectrophotometry, capillarity, water absorption under vacuum, ultrasound velocity, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (imaging and relaxometry) and Optical Surface Roughness analyses. At 75% RH the nanoparticles fill the pores and inter-crystalline dolomite grain contacts but do not favor calcite re-crystallization as it occurs at 33% RH. The ESEM, XRD and TEM analyses under 75% RH reveal the fast transformation of portlandite (Ca(OH)(2)) into vaterite (CaCO(3)), monohydrocalcite (CaCO(3)center dot H(2)O) and calcite (CaCO(3)), and eventually the physical and hydric properties of the stones significantly improve. New insights are provided for the assessment of consolidation effectiveness of porous carbonate stones with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles under optimum RH conditions combining several NDT. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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