Journal
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Volume 60, Issue 10, Pages 1652-1657Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.006
Keywords
Magellanic penguin; High mortality; Extreme migration; Climate variability; Oil pollution; SW Atlantic
Funding
- Global Penguin Society
- Wadsworth Endowed Chair in Conservation Studies, Wildlife Conservation Society
- Centro Nacional Patagonico (CONICET)
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Magellanic penguins migrate from Patagonia reaching northern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil on their winter migration, in parallel with the seasonal pulse of anchovy spawning. In 2008, Magellanic penguins went further north than usual. Many died and a few swam nearly to the Equator. Twelve groups surveyed 5000 km of coastline encountering 3371 penguins along the coast. Most penguins arrived in northern Brazil (68.4%) without petroleum (2933, 87%). Almost all penguins without petroleum were juveniles (2915, 99%) and 55% were alive when found. Penguins were dehydrated, anemic, hypothermic, and emaciated. Of the penguins with petroleum, 13% arrived in the southern half of Brazil, showing that petroleum pollution remains a problem along the SW Atlantic coast. The mortality occurred in the winter of 2008 when sea surface temperature were unusually cold perhaps reducing the prey for penguins. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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