Journal
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Volume 58, Issue 7, Pages 1045-1051Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.02.006
Keywords
Entanglement; Fishing gear; Marie debris; Marine mammals; Seabirds; West Coast of the United States
Funding
- Science Integrated Monitoring Network - Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
- Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS)
- GFNMS
- Farallones Marine Sanctuary Association (FMSA).
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Entanglement records for seabirds and marine mammals were investigated for the period 2001-2005. The entanglement records were extracted from databases maintained by seven organizations operating along the west coast of the United States of America. Their programmes included beach monitoring survey, rescue and rehabilitation and regional pinniped censuses. Records of 454 entanglements were documented, in live animals and in carcasses for 31 bird species and nine marine mammal species. The most frequently entangled species were Common Murres, Western Gulls and California sea lions. The entanglement materials identified were primarily fishing related. Entanglements were recorded every year suggesting that although the incidence level differs annually, entanglement is a persistent problem. It is recommended that each programme records details in standardized categories to determine entanglement material sources. Numbers of entanglements observed during these surveys are likely to be a conservative view of the actual entanglement rate taking place at sea. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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