Journal
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 65, Issue 5, Pages 427-436Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.02.001
Keywords
biomarker; metallothionein; beta-actin; Lithognathus mormyrus; Mediterranean; real time PCR; ELISA; cadmium; biomonitoring
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Efficient implementation of an environmental biomarker requires multi-annual comparability over a wide geographical range. The present study improved the comparability of a quantitative competitive metallothionein (MT) enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay (ELISA) in the sentinel fish Lithognathus mormyrus by introducing to the assay recombinant NIT and beta-actin standards. Commercial antibodies for cod MT and mammalian actin were implemented. In addition, a sensitive anti L. mormyrus NIT antibody was produced, adequate only for solid phase immunochemical assays. Cadmium was applied to the fish through injection and feeding to serve as a testing platform of the ELISA. The results demonstrated high potential protective capacity of the liver against toxic levels of transition metals through increasing NIT levels. NIT transcript levels were evaluated also from fish sampled at polluted and relatively clean natural sites, indicating applicability of NIT as biomarker of exposure to a multi-factorial pollution, in comparison to its low revealed sensitivity to controlled cadmium exposure. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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