Journal
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
Volume 395, Issue -, Pages 21-36Publisher
INTER-RESEARCH
DOI: 10.3354/meps08123
Keywords
Passive acoustics; Mesoscale; Archival arrays; Real-time buoys; Towed arrays; Localization; Automated detection; Marine mammals; Fish
Categories
Funding
- Abrolhos National Marine Park
- Animal Behavior Society
- Brazilian Government (CAPES)
- Brazilian Navy
- Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program
- Cornell University Lab of Ornithology
- European Union
- Instituto Baleia Jubarte
- Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS)
- Massachusetts Department of Marine Fisheries
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NEFSC SEFSC)
- Norwegian National Research Council
- Norwegian Polar Institute
- Ny- Alesund Large Scale Facility for Arctic Environmental Research
- University Studies on Svalbard
- US Navy
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
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Defining the appropriate scale over which to conduct a study in the marine environment is critical to achieving appropriate scientific, management, mitigation and conservation objectives. This paper focuses on applications of passive acoustic technologies over a range of spatial and temporal scales. It is divided into sections dealing with archival and real-time passive acoustic sensor applications. Each section assesses the principles behind using the respective technology and provides recent examples of research and management applications for marine mammals and fish. The section on archival sensors highlights the need for continued development of automated acoustic detectors to assess large data sets. Case studies are presented of detectors developed for determining seasonal occurrence and distribution of haddock sounds and humpback whale vocalizations. Also presented are studies of other applications using archival sensors: tracking singing humpback whales in Brazil, using vocalizations to assess the reproductive strategies of Arctic bearded seals and assessing regional variability in call patterns for North Atlantic right whales. The section on real-time passive acoustic sensors focuses on real-time buoys and towed arrays. Case studies presented include a real-time buoy system used for monitoring endangered North Atlantic right whales and a stationary autonomous array providing real-time access to Antarctic acoustic data. The value of using towed arrays for real-time applications is also assessed, and a case study is provided on the use of towed arrays to improve abundance estimates of North Pacific cetaceans and to better understand vocalization behaviors.
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