Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 3025-3045Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/md12053025
Keywords
seaweed; macroalgae; genetic engineering; GMO; gene flow; bio-safety; marine algae; transgenic algae; expression system
Categories
Funding
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences at Rutgers University
- State Oceanic Administration of China [200905021-3]
- NSF of Shandong Province, China [JQ200914]
- NSF of China [41176144]
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Seaweed genetic engineering is a transgenic expression system with unique features compared with those of heterotrophic prokaryotes and higher plants. This study discusses several newly sequenced seaweed nuclear genomes and the necessity that research on vector design should consider endogenous promoters, codon optimization, and gene copy number. Seaweed viruses and artificial transposons can be applied as transformation methods after acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of viral infections in seaweeds and transposon patterns in seaweed genomes. After cultivating transgenic algal cells and tissues in a photobioreactor, a biosafety assessment of genetically modified (GM) seaweeds must be conducted before open-sea application. We propose a set of programs for the evaluation of gene flow from GM seaweeds to local/geographical environments. The effective implementation of such programs requires fundamentally systematic and interdisciplinary studies on algal physiology and genetics, marine hydrology, reproductive biology, and ecology.
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