Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 11, Issue 12, Pages 4698-4723Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/md11124698
Keywords
VGSCs; shellfish toxins; structure; bioactivity; pharmaceutical potential
Categories
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB529801, 2012CB22305]
- National Science Foundation Projects [31070699, 31170746]
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Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play a central role in the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable neurons and other cells and are targeted by commonly used local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, and anticonvulsants. They are also common targets of neurotoxins including shellfish toxins. Shellfish toxins are a variety of toxic secondary metabolites produced by prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic dinoflagellates in both marine and fresh water systems, which can accumulate in marine animals via the food chain. Consumption of shellfish toxin-contaminated seafood may result in potentially fatal human shellfish poisoning. This article provides an overview of the structure, bioactivity, and pharmacology of shellfish toxins that act on VGSCs, along with a brief discussion on their pharmaceutical potential for pain management.
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