Quantification and Correction of Respiration Induced Dynamic Field Map Changes in fMRI Using 3D Single Shot Techniques

Purpose: Respiration induced dynamic field map changes in the brain are quantified and the influence on the magnitude signal (physiological noise) is investigated. Dynamic off-resonance correction allows to reduce the signal fluctuations overlaying the blood oxygenation level dependent signal in T-2*-weighted functional imaging. Theory and Methods: A single-shot whole brain imaging technique with 100 ms temporal resolution was used to measure dynamic off-resonance maps that were calculated from the incremental changes of the image phase. These off-resonance maps are then used to dynamically update the off-resonance corrected reconstruction. Results: A global resonance offset and a pronounced gradient in head-foot direction were identified as the main components of the change during a respiration cycle. On average, correction for these fluctuations decreases the magnitude fluctuations by around 30%. Conclusion: Single shot 3D imaging allows for a robust quantification of dynamic off-resonance changes in the brain. Correction for these fluctuations removes the physiological noise component associated with dynamic point spread function changes. Magn Reson Med 71:1093-1102, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.