Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages 1005-1013Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21460
Keywords
cardiac metabolism; hyperpolarized C-13; metabolic imaging; pyruvate
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Pyruvate is included in the energy production of the heart muscle and is metabolized into lactate, alanine, and CO2 in equilibrium with HCO3-. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using C-13 hyperpolarization enhanced MRI to monitor pyruvate metabolism in the heart during an ischemic episode. The left circumflex artery of pigs (4 months, male, 29-34 kg) was occluded for 15 or 45 min followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Pigs were examined by C-13 chemical shift imaging following intravenous injection of 1-C-13 pyruvate. 13C chemical shift MR imaging was used in order to visualize the local concentrations of the metabolites. After a 15-min occlusion (no infarct) the bicarbonate signal level in the affected area was reduced (25-44%) compared with the normal myocardium. Alanine signal level was normal. After a 45-min occlusion (infarction) the bicarbonate signal was almost absent (0.2-11%) and the alanine signal was reduced (27-51%). Due to image-folding artifacts the data obtained for lactate were inconclusive. These studies demonstrate that cardiac metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 1-C-13-pyruvate is feasible. The changes in concentrations of the metabolites within a minute after injection can be detected and metabolic maps constructed.
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