Journal
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 35, Issue 14, Pages 1238-1254Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400209
Keywords
carbon dioxide fixation; cyclic carbonate; functional polymers; green chemistry; polyurethane
Categories
Funding
- Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung
- Volkswagen and JONAS (BASF SE)
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The catalytic chemical fixation of carbon dioxide by carbonation of oxiranes, oxetanes, and polyols represents a very versatile green chemistry route to environmentally benign di- and polyfunctional cyclic carbonates as intermediates for the formation of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU). Two synthetic pathways lead to NIPU thermoplastics and thermosets: i) polycondensation of diacarbamates or acyclic dicarbonates with diols or diamines, respectively, and ii) polyaddition by ring-opening polymerization of di- and polyfunctional cyclic carbonates with di- and polyamines. The absence of hazardous and highly moisture-sensitive isocyanates as intermediates eliminates the need for special safety precautions, drying and handling procedures. Incorporated into polymer backbones and side chains, carbonate groups enable facile tailoring of a great variety of urethane-functional polymers. As compared with conventional polyurethanes, ring-opening polymerization of polyfunctional cyclic carbonates affords polyhydroxyurethanes with unconventional architectures including NIPUs containing carbohydrate segments. NIPU/epoxy hybrid coatings can be applied on wet surfaces and exhibit improved adhesion, thermal stability and wear resistance. Combining chemical with biological carbon dioxide fixation affords 100% bio-based NIPUs derived from plant oils, terpenes, carbohydrates, and bio polyols. Biocompatible and biodegradable NIPU as well as NIPU biocomposites hold great promise for biomedical
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