Journal
LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
Volume 39, Issue 5, Pages 402-408Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.4807051
Keywords
energy gap; high-pressure effects; high-temperature effects; phonons; reviews; solid hydrogen
Categories
Funding
- NSF
- Army Research Office
- NAI
- EFRee
- U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Institute of the Shock Physics, Imperial College
- EPSRC [EP/J003999/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0842057] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J003999/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Here we review recent experimental and theoretical studies of hydrogen approaching metallization regime. Experimental techniques have made great advances over the last several years making it possible to reach previously unachievable conditions of pressure and temperature and to probe hydrogen at these conditions. Theoretical methods have also greatly improved; exemplified through the prediction of new structural and ordered quantum states. Recently, a new solid phase of hydrogen, phase IV, has been discovered in a high-pressure high-temperature domain. This phase is quite unusual structurally and chemically as it represents an intermediate state between common molecular and monatomic configurations. Moreover, it shows remarkable fluxional characteristics related to its quantum nature, which makes it unique among the solid phases, even of light elements. However, phase IV shows the presence of a band gap and exhibits distinct phonon and libron characteristic of classical solids. The quantum behavior of hydrogen in the limit of very high pressure remains an open question. Prospects of studying hydrogen at more extreme conditions by static and combined static-dynamic methods are also presented. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
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