Journal
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
Volume 57, Issue 4, Pages 1233-1244Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.1233
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- European Union Future of Reefs in a Changing Environment (FORCE)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program
- Gulf of Mexico program
- Ocean Biodiversity program
- Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (FONACIT) of Venezuela
- Carbon Retention In A Colored Ocean (CAR-IACO) Ocean Time-Series Program (National Science Foundation) [0963028]
- NASA [NNX09AV24G]
- NERC [NE/G017344/1, NE/E017118/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E017118/1, NE/G017344/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [0963028] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NASA [NNX09AV24G, 105380] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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The Caribbean Sea encompasses a vast range of physical environmental conditions that have a profound influence on the organisms that live there. Here we utilize a range of satellite and in situ products to undertake a region-wide categorization of the physical environments of the Caribbean Sea (PECS). The classification approach is hierarchical and focuses on physical constraints that drive many aspects of coastal ecology, including species distributions, ecosystem function, and disturbance. The first level represents physicochemical properties including metrics of satellite sea surface temperature, water clarity, and in situ salinity. The second level considers mechanical disturbance and includes both chronic disturbance from wind-driven wave exposure and acute disturbance from hurricanes. The maps have a spatial resolution of 1 km(2). An unsupervised neural network classification produced 16 physicochemical provinces that can be categorized into six broad groups: (1) low water clarity and low salinity and average temperatures; (2) low water clarity but average salinity and temperature, broadly distributed in the basin; (3) low salinity but average water clarity and temperature; (4) upwelling; (5) high latitude; and (6) offshore waters of the inner Caribbean. Additional mechanical disturbance layers impose additional pattern that operates over different spatial scales. Because physical environments underpin so much of coastal ecosystem structure and function, we anticipate that the PECS classification, which will be freely distributed as geographic information system layers, will facilitate comparative analyses and inform the stratification of studies across environmental provinces in the Caribbean basin.
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