Journal
LEUKEMIA
Volume 24, Issue 11, Pages 1940-1950Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.192
Keywords
multiple myeloma; insulin; IGF-1; IGF-1R; INSR; insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptor
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Funding
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (equipe labellisee), Paris, France
- INCA [R07001FN]
- MSCNET European strep [E06005FF]
- Hopp-Foundation, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Germany
- National Centre for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumorzentrum Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
- Association Guillaume Espoir, St Genis Laval, France
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Insulin and insulin growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) and their receptors are closely related molecules, but both factors bind to the receptor of the other one with a weak affinity. No study has presently documented a role of insulin as a myeloma growth factor (MGF) for human multiple myeloma cells (MMCs), whereas many studies have concluded that IGF-1 is a major MGF. IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is aberrantly expressed by MMCs in association with a poor prognosis. In this study we show that insulin receptor (INSR) is increased throughout normal plasma cell differentiation. INSR gene is also expressed by MMCs of 203/206 newly diagnosed patients. Insulin is an MGF as potent as IGF-1 at physiological concentrations and requires the presence of insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptors, stimulating INSR(+)IGF-1R(+) MMCs, unlike INSR(+)IGF-1R(-) or INSR- IGF-1R(-) MMCs. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that INSR is linked with IGF-1R in MMCs and that insulin induces both IGF-1R and INSR phosphorylations and vice versa. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that insulin is an MGF as potent as IGF-1 at physiological concentrations and its activity necessitates insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptor activation. Further therapeutic strategies targeting the IGF/IGF-1R pathway have to take into account neutralizing the IGF-1R-mediated insulin MGF activity. Leukemia (2010) 24, 1940-1950; doi:10.1038/leu.2010.192; published online 16 September 2010
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