Journal
LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE
Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 203-213Publisher
SPRINGER LONDON LTD
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1110-7
Keywords
Cementum; Alteration; Microstructure; Er:YAG laser; CO2 laser; Ultrasonic scaler
Categories
Funding
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program of the International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases at Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [22592308]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22592308] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Recently, the Er:YAG and CO2 lasers have been applied in periodontal therapy. However, the characteristics of laser-irradiated root cementum have not been fully analyzed. The aim of this study was to precisely analyze the alterations of root cementum treated with the Er:YAG and the CO2 lasers, using non-decalcified thin histological sections. Eleven cementum plates were prepared from extracted human teeth. Pulsed Er:YAG laser contact irradiation was performed in a line at 40 mJ/pulse (14.2 J/cm(2)/pulse) and 25 Hz (1.0 W) under water spray. Continuous CO2 laser irradiation was performed in non-contact mode at 1.0 W, and ultrasonic instrumentation was performed as a control. The treated samples were subjected to stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy and SEM energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The Er:YAG laser-treated cementum showed minimal alteration with a whitish, slightly ablated surface, whereas CO2 laser treatment resulted in distinct carbonization. SEM analysis revealed characteristic micro-irregularities of the Er:YAG-lased surface and the melted, resolidified appearance surrounded by major and microcracks of the CO2-lased surface. Histological analysis revealed minimal thermal alteration and structural degradation of the Er:YAG laser-irradiated cementum with an affected layer of approximately 20-mu m thickness, which partially consisted of two distinct affected layers. The CO2-lased cementum revealed multiple affected layers showing different structures/staining with approximately 140 mu m thickness. Er:YAG laser irradiation used with water cooling resulted in minimal cementum ablation and thermal changes with a characteristic microstructure of the superficial layer. In contrast, CO2 laser irradiation produced severely affected distinct multiple layers accompanied by melting and carbonization.
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