Journal
LASER PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 8, Issue 7, Pages 485-507Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1002/lapl.201110002
Keywords
finite quantum systems; trapped cold atoms; equilibration; thermalization; decoherence; characteristic time scales; isolated systems; nonisolated systems; quasi-isolated systems; decoherence by environment; decoherence by measurements; nondestructive measurements; time arrow; rare events
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Funding
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research
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Experiments with trapped atomic gases have opened novel possibilities for studying the evolution of nonequilibrium finite quantum systems, which revived the necessity of reconsidering and developing the theory of such processes. This review analyzes the basic approaches to describing the phenomena of equilibration, thermalization, and decoherence in finite quantum systems. Isolated, nonisolated, and quasi-isolated quantum systems are considered. The relations between equilibration, decoherence, and the existence of time arrow are emphasized. The possibility for the occurrence of rare events, preventing complete equilibration, are mentioned.
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