Compaction and Decompaction of DNA Induced by the Cationic Surfactant CTAB

A multifaceted study on the interaction of the cationic surfactant CTAB with calf thymus DNA was carried out by using different techniques. The measurements were done at different molar ratios X = [CTAB]/[DNA]. Results show the conformational change that DNA suffers due to the interaction with surfactant molecules at low molar ratios: the condensation of the polynucleotide, from an extended coil state to a globular state. The effect observed at the higher molar ratios is worth noting: the decondensation of DNA, that is, the transition from a compact state to a more extended conformation. Experimental data obtained confirm that this latter state is not exactly the same as that found in the absence of the surfactant. Attractive interactions between different parts of the molecule by ion correlation effects are the driving force to produce both the compaction and decompaction events. Results also show the importance of choosing both a proper system for the study and the most seeming measuring technique to use. The study demonstrates that, in some cases, the use of several techniques is desirable in obtaining reliable and accurate results.