Journal
LANGMUIR
Volume 26, Issue 4, Pages 2584-2591Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/la902879h
Keywords
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Funding
- BP Solar
- AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate
- DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46320]
- Army Research Office [ARO W911NF-05-1-0177]
- NSF [ECS-0609064]
- NSF-MRSEC program through the Northwestern Materials Research Center [DMR-0520513]
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In studies to simplify the fabrication of bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, it was found that when glass/tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates are treated with dilute aqueous HCl solutions, followed by UV ozone(UVO), and then used to fabricate devices of the structure glass/ITO/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al, device performance is greatly enhanced. Light-to-power conversion efficiency (Eff) increases from 2.4% for control devices in which the ITO surface is treated only with UVO to 3.8% with the HCl + UVO treatment-effectively matching the performance of an identical device having a PEDOT:PSS anode interfacial layer. The enhancement originates from increases in V-OC from 463 to 554 mV and FF from 49% to 66%. The modified-ITO device also exhibits a 4x enhancement in thermal stability versus an identical device containing a PEDOT:PSS anode interfacial layer. To understand the origins of these effects, the ITO surface is analyzed as a function of treatment by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy work function measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic composition analysis, and atomic force microscopic topography and conductivity imaging. Additionally, a diode-based device model is employed to further understand the effects of ITO Surface treatment on device performance.
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