Journal
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 242-254Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015000294
Keywords
Nutrient patterns; Treelet transform; Breast cancer; European Prospective Investigationinto Cancer and Nutrition; Principal component analysis
Funding
- European Commission (Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs)
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health RTICC 'Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer [Rd06/0020/0091, Rd12/0036/0018]
- Regional Government of Andalucia
- Regional Government of Asturias
- Regional Government of Basque Country
- Regional Government of Murcia [6236]
- Regional Government of Navarra
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Redes de Investigacion Cooperativa (Spain) [RD06/0020]
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (France)
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
- Hellenic Health Foundation
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation
- Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece)
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC)
- National Research Council (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports
- Netherlands Cancer Registry
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland
- World Cancer Research Fund
- Statistics Netherlands (Netherlands)
- European Research Council [2009-AdG 232997]
- Nordforsk
- Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway)
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Research Council
- Regional Government of Skane
- Regional Government of Vasterbotten (Sweden)
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Stroke Association
- British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health
- Food Standards Agency
- Wellcome Trust (UK)
- Universite de Lyon doctoral grant (EDISS doctoral school)
- MRC [MC_UU_12015/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Cancer Research UK [16491, 14136] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12015/1, G1000143, MC_U106179471, G0401527] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0512-10114, NF-SI-0512-10135] Funding Source: researchfish
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Objective Pattern analysis has emerged as a tool to depict the role of multiple nutrients/foods in relation to health outcomes. The present study aimed at extracting nutrient patterns with respect to breast cancer (BC) aetiology. Design Nutrient patterns were derived with treelet transform (TT) and related to BC risk. TT was applied to twenty-three log-transformed nutrient densities from dietary questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals computed using Cox proportional hazards models quantified the association between quintiles of nutrient pattern scores and risk of overall BC, and by hormonal receptor and menopausal status. Principal component analysis was applied for comparison. Setting The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Subjects Women (n 334 850) from the EPIC study. Results The first TT component (TC1) highlighted a pattern rich in nutrients found in animal foods loading on cholesterol, protein, retinol, vitamins B-12 and D, while the second TT component (TC2) reflected a diet rich in -carotene, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamins C and B-6, fibre, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, P and folate. While TC1 was not associated with BC risk, TC2 was inversely associated with BC risk overall (HRQ5 v. Q1=089, 95 % CI 083, 095, P-trend<001) and showed a significantly lower risk in oestrogen receptor-positive (HRQ5 v. Q1=089, 95 % CI 081, 098, P-trend=002) and progesterone receptor-positive tumours (HRQ5 v. Q1=087, 95 % CI 077, 098, P-trend<001). Conclusions TT produces readily interpretable sparse components explaining similar amounts of variation as principal component analysis. Our results suggest that participants with a nutrient pattern high in micronutrients found in vegetables, fruits and cereals had a lower risk of BC.
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