Journal
LANCET
Volume 374, Issue 9691, Pages 733-743Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61303-9
Keywords
-
Categories
Funding
- AstraZeneca
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Chiesi Farmaceutici
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Novartis
- Pfizer
- Teva
- Union Chimique Belge
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tobacco smoking is established as a major risk factor, but emerging evidence suggests that other risk factors are important, especially in developing countries. An estimated 25-45% of patients with COPD have never smoked; the burden of non-smoking COPD is therefore much higher than previously believed. About 3 billion people, half the worldwide population, are exposed to smoke from biomass fuel compared with 1.01 billion people who smoke tobacco, which suggests that exposure to biomass smoke might be the biggest risk factor for COPD globally. We review the evidence for the association of COPD with biomass fuel, occupational exposure to dusts and gases, history of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic asthma, respiratory-tract infections during childhood, outdoor air pollution, and poor socioeconomic status.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available