Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators

This paper reports for the first time the use of a cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ionogel encapsulating the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate as a thermoresponsive and modular microfluidic valve. The ionogel presents superior actuation behaviour to its equivalent hydrogel. Ionogel swelling and shrinking mechanisms and kinetics are investigated as well as the performance of the ionogel when integrated as a valve in a microfluidic device. The modular microfluidic valve demonstrates fully a reversible on-off behaviour without failure for up to eight actuation cycles and a pressure resistance of 1100 mbar.