Journal
LAB ON A CHIP
Volume 13, Issue 14, Pages 2840-2847Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50178g
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Funding
- NIH [RC1EB010593, R01AI096184]
- DARPA DSO [HR0011-11-2-0007]
- PATH
- GE Global Research
- Epoch Biosciences
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI096184] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [RC1EB010593] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Lateral flow tests (LFTs) are an ingenious format for rapid and easy-to-use diagnostics, but they are fundamentally limited to assay chemistries that can be reduced to a single chemical step. In contrast, most laboratory diagnostic assays rely on multiple timed steps carried out by a human or a machine. Here, we use dissolvable sugar applied to paper to create programmable flow delays and present a paper network topology that uses these time delays to program automated multi-step fluidic protocols. Solutions of sucrose at different concentrations (10-70% of saturation) were added to paper strips and dried to create fluidic time delays spanning minutes to nearly an hour. A simple folding card format employing sugar delays was shown to automate a four-step fluidic process initiated by a single user activation step (folding the card); this device was used to perform a signal-amplified sandwich immunoassay for a diagnostic biomarker for malaria. The cards are capable of automating multi-step assay protocols normally used in laboratories, but in a rapid, low-cost, and easy-to-use format.
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