Nanofluidic preconcentration device in a straight microchannel using ion concentration polarization

In this paper, we introduce a simple, straight microchannel design for a nanofluidic protein concentration device. Compared with concentration devices previously developed, the anode channel and cathode channel in this new concentration scheme are both integrated into a straight microchannel, with one inlet and one outlet. Most of the functions of a conventional two-channel concentration device can be achieved by this concentration device, and the efficiency of sample accumulation can be controlled by the dimension of the Nafion membrane. Also, the operating mechanism of this device was tested on various material combinations such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) channel-glass substrate and silicon channel-PDMS substrate. Using a combined PDMS-silicon device which was sealed reversibly without plasma bonding, surface based immunoassay for concentrator-enhanced detection of clinically relevant samples such as C-reactive protein (CRP) was demonstrated. As a result, it was possible to enhance the detection sensitivity of the immunoassay by more than 500 folds compared to the immunoassay without preconcentration process.