Versatile control of multiphase laminar flow for in-channel microfabrication

We have improved the multiphase laminar flow based in-channel fabrication method to overcome diffusion-induced broadening. A sheathing phase with protecting molecules confines metal wire deposition and allows for flexible control of the location, width, and uniformity of deposited metal wires. Two-layered T-junctions are introduced to form vertically stacked multiphase laminar flow. Combining these techniques, we fabricate quadrupole silver electrodes on the four sidewalls of rectangular polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels that are 3 cm in length.