Journal
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 80, Issue 9, Pages 915-925Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.217
Keywords
glomerulosclerosis; ischemia; leukocytes; pathology; phagocytosis; Toll
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [AN372/9-11, GRK 1202]
- Else Kroner-Fresenius Stiftung [P22/09/A14/09]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Chronic kidney disease involves renal inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular and vascular atrophy. Macrophages seem to foster all of these histomorphological abnormalities, but their specific contributions remain controversial. Recruited monocytes differentiate into different tissue macrophage phenotypes, but current classifications are largely based on in vitro studies that do not adequately mirror tissue environments in vivo. To overcome this limitation, we propose to classify tissue macrophages according to their predominant roles in the phases of wound healing tissue environments, that is, inflammation, epithelial healing, mesenchymal healing, and fibrolysis. In this review, we discuss the evidence on respective macrophage phenotypes in renal pathology. This view sheds light on several aspects of renal remodeling in kidney disease: (1) renal infection or cell necrosis induces proinflammatory 'M1' macrophages that exacerbate renal cell damage, (2) uptake of apoptotic cells induces anti-inflammatory 'M2c/suppressor' macrophages that promote epithelial and vascular repair, (3) insufficient vascular and epithelial healing despite abundant growth factor secretion promotes profibrotic 'M2a/wound healing' macrophages that accelerate fibrogenesis, and (4) theoretically, fibrolytic macrophages should exist and await investigation. Kidney International (2011) 80, 915-925; doi:10.1038/ki.2011.217; published online 3 August 2011
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available