Journal
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 73, Issue 9, Pages 1024-1030Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.26
Keywords
vascular calcification
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [AR47908, R01 AR047908] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE012889, DE12889] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK069681, DK69681, DK07656, R01 DK069681-02, T32 DK007656] Funding Source: Medline
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Pyrophosphate is a potent inhibitor of medial vascular calcification where its level is controlled by hydrolysis via a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase ( TNAP). We sought to determine if increased TNAP activity could explain the pyrophosphate deficiency and vascular calcification seen in renal failure. TNAP activity increased twofold in intact aortas and in aortic homogenates from rats made uremic by feeding adenine or by 5/6 nephrectomy. Immunoblotting showed an increase in protein abundance but there was no increase in TNAP mRNA assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate by rat aortic rings was inhibited about half by the nonspecific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor levamisole and was reduced about half in aortas from mice lacking TNAP. Hydrolysis was increased in aortic rings from uremic rats and all of this increase was inhibited by levamisole. An increase in TNAP activity and pyrophosphate hydrolysis also occurred when aortic rings from normal rats were incubated with uremic rat plasma. These results suggest that a circulating factor causes pyrophosphate deficiency by regulating TNAP activity and that vascular calcification in renal failure may result from the action of this factor. If proven by future studies, this mechanism will identify alkaline phosphatase as a potential therapeutic target.
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