Journal
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Volume 71, Issue 2, Pages 201-211Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbu139
Keywords
Double-duty care; Healthcare employees; Psychosocial well-being; Sandwiched generation; Triple-duty care; Working caregivers
Funding
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [U01HD051217, U01HD051218, U01HD051256, U01HD051276]
- National Institute on Aging [U01AG027669]
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [U01OH008788, U01HD059773]
- William T. Grant Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Administration for Children and Families
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Objectives: Women who combine formal and informal caregiving roles represent a unique, understudied population. In the literature, healthcare employees who simultaneously provide unpaid elder care at home have been referred to as double-duty caregivers. The present study broadens this perspective by examining the psychosocial implications of double-duty child care (child care only), double-duty elder care (elder care only), and triple-duty care (both child care and elder care or sandwiched care). Method: Drawing from the Work, Family, and Health Study, we focus on a large sample of women working in nursing homes in the United States (n = 1,399). We use multiple regression analysis and analysis of covariance tests to examine a range of psychosocial implications associated with double-and triple-duty care. Results: Compared with nonfamily caregivers, double-duty child caregivers indicated greater family-to-work conflict and poorer partner relationship quality. Double-duty elder caregivers reported more family-to-work conflict, perceived stress, and psychological distress, whereas triple-duty caregivers indicated poorer psychosocial functioning overall. Discussion: Relative to their counterparts without family caregiving roles, women with combined caregiving roles reported poorer psychosocial well-being. Additional research on women with combined caregiving roles, especially triple-duty caregivers, should be a priority amidst an aging population, older workforce, and growing number of working caregivers.
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