Journal
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
Volume 47, Issue 2, Pages 278-292Publisher
WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-47.2.278
Keywords
Antibiotic; antimicrobial susceptibility; bacteria; bacterial infections; Enhydra lutris; sea otter
Categories
Funding
- Oiled Wildlife Care Network
- California Department of Fish and Game-Office of Spill Prevention and Response (CDFG-OSPR)
- CDFG-OSPR Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center
- Monterey Bay Aquarium
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Bacterial infections are an important cause of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) mortality, and some of these infections may originate from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources. Antimicrobials are an important therapeutic tool for management of bacterial infections in stranded sea otters and for prevention of infection following invasive procedures in free-ranging otters. In this study, susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials was determined for 126 isolates of 15 bacterial species or groups from necropsied, live-stranded injured or sick, and apparently healthy wild sea otters examined between 1998 and 2005. These isolates included both gram-positive and gram-negative strains of primary pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, and environmental flora, including bacterial species with proven zoonotic potential. Minimal evidence of antimicrobial resistance and no strains with unusual or clinically significant multiple-drug resistance patterns were identified. Collectively, these findings will help optimize selection of appropriate antimicrobials for treatment of bacterial diseases in sea otters and other marine species.
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