Journal
JOURNAL OF VISION
Volume 12, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1167/12.10.12
Keywords
pupil diameter; pupil reflex; light adaptation; age; contrast sensitivity function; senile miosis; retinal illuminance
Categories
Funding
- NASA Space Human Factors Engineering [WBS 466199]
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The size of the pupil has a large effect on visual function, and pupil size depends mainly on the adapting luminance, modulated by other factors. Over the last century, a number of formulas have been proposed to describe this dependence. Here we review seven published formulas and develop a new unified formula that incorporates the effects of luminance, size of the adapting field, age of the observer, and whether one or both eyes are adapted. We provide interactive demonstrations and software implementations of the unified formula.
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