Journal
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 283-294Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01865-08
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Funding
- United Kingdom Department of Health
- United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive
- International Journal of Experimental Pathology
- MRC [MC_U117531708, G0501446] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U117531708, G0501446] Funding Source: researchfish
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Gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors are promising tools for gene therapy, but they can be oncogenic. The development of safer vectors depends on a quantitative assay for insertional mutagenesis. Here we report a rapid, inexpensive, and reproducible assay which uses a murine cell line to measure the frequency of interleukin-3 (IL-3)-independent mutants. Lentiviral and gammaretroviral vectors cause insertional mutagenesis at similar frequencies; however, they use different mechanisms. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-based vectors generate mutants by insertion only into the growth hormone receptor (Ghr) locus. The HIV enhancer/promoter is active in the absence of the HIV Tat protein in this locus, and an HIV/Ghr spliced transcript expresses GHR and cells respond to GH. Deletion of the enhancer/promoter in a self-inactivating HIV-based vector prevents this mechanism of insertional mutagenesis. In contrast, gammaretroviral vectors insert into other loci, including IL-3 and genes identified as common insertion sites in the Retroviral Tagged Cancer Gene Database (RTCGD).
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