Journal
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
Volume 29, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1116/1.3622619
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Funding
- Alessandro and Piermaria Reggiori Fellowship
- Bertucci Graduate Fellowship
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Intel Corporation
- Semiconductor Research Corporation [Task 1292.008, Task 2121.001]
- NSF [DMR-0520425]
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Sputter-deposited W films with nominal thicknesses between 5 and 180 nm were prepared by varying the base pressure prior to film deposition and by including or not including sputtered SiO2 encapsulation layers. X-ray and electron diffraction studies showed that single phase, polycrystalline alpha-W could be achieved in as-deposited films as thin as 5 nm. The stress state in the as-deposited films was found to be inhomogeneous. Annealing resulted in stress relaxation and reduction of resistivity for all films, except the thinnest, unencapsulated film, which agglomerated. In-plane film grain sizes measured for a subset of the annealed films with thicknesses between 5 and 180 nm surprisingly showed a near constant value (101-116 nm), independent of film thickness. Thick-film (>= 120 nm) resistivity values as low as 8.6 mu Omega cm at 301 K were obtained after annealing at 850 degrees C for 2 h. Film resistivities were found to increase with decreasing film thicknesses below 120 nm, even for films which are fully A2 alpha-W with no metastable, A15 beta-W evident. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3622619]
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