Journal
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
Volume 190, Issue 4, Pages 1187-1191Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.05.020
Keywords
carcinoma, transitional cell; urinary bladder neoplasms; diagnostic imaging; watchful waiting
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Funding
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers
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Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of routine upper tract imaging in patients followed for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer between 2000 and 2006 was conducted. Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated to determine upper tract urothelial carcinoma-free probability for stage Ta and T1 disease. Bladder cancer stage was included as a time dependent covariate. Descriptive statistics were used to report rates of imaging studies used and the efficacy in diagnosing upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Results: Of 935 patients treated and followed for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer 51 were diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Median followup was 5.5 years. The 5-year upper tract urothelial carcinoma-free probability among patients with Ta and T1 disease was 98% and 93%, respectively. The 10-year upper tract urothelial carcinoma-free probability among patients with Ta and T1 disease was 94% and 88%, respectively. Only 15 (29%) patients were diagnosed on routine imaging while the others were diagnosed after symptoms developed. Overall 3,074 routine imaging scans were conducted for an overall efficacy of 0.49%. Conclusions: Upper tract recurrence is a lifelong risk in patients with bladder cancer, but most cases will be missed on routine upper tract imaging. The majority of upper tract urothelial carcinoma can be diagnosed using a combination of thorough history taking, physical examination, urine cytology and sonography, indicating that routine surveillance imaging may not be the most efficient way to detect upper tract recurrence.
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