Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 112, Issue 17, Pages 5389-5394Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419264112
Keywords
riboswitch; Geobacter; GEMM; c-di-GMP; second messenger
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Funding
- NIH [RR19895-02, T32-GM007223]
- National Institute of Health [GM022778, DE022340]
- Yale University
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG LU1889/1-1]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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Major changes in bacterial physiology including biofilm and spore formation involve signaling by the cyclic dinucleotides c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP. Recently, another second messenger dinucleotide, c-AMP-GMP, was found to control chemotaxis and colonization by Vibrio cholerae. We have identified a superregulon of genes controlled by c-AMP-GMP in numerous Deltaproteobacteria, including Geobacter species that use extracellular insoluble metal oxides as terminal electron acceptors. This exoelectrogenic process has been studied for its possible utility in energy production and bioremediation. Many genes involved in adhesion, pilin formation, and others that are important for exoelectrogenesis are controlled by members of a variant riboswitch class that selectively bind c-AMP-GMP. These RNAs constitute, to our knowledge, the first known specific receptors for c-AMP-GMP and reveal that this molecule is used by many bacteria to control specialized physiological processes.
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