Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 112, Issue 25, Pages 7635-7638Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508777112
Keywords
transformation optics; surface wave; invisibility cloaks; broadband
Categories
Funding
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [61322501, 61275183]
- National Top-Notch Young Professionals Program [FANEDDC-200950]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-12-0489]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [FRFCU-2014XZZX003-24]
- Nanyang Assistant Professorship Start-Up Grant
- Singapore Ministry of Education [Tier 1 RG27/12, MOE2011-T3-1-005]
- US Army Research Laboratory
- US Army Research Office through Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies [W911NF-13-D-0001]
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Solid State Solar Thermal Energy Conversion Energy Frontier Research Centers of Department of Energy [de-sc0001299]
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Guiding surface electromagnetic waves around disorder without disturbing the wave amplitude or phase is in great demand for modern photonic and plasmonic devices, but is fundamentally difficult to realize because light momentum must be conserved in a scattering event. A partial realization has been achieved by exploiting topological electromagnetic surface states, but this approach is limited to narrow-band light transmission and subject to phase disturbances in the presence of disorder. Recent advances in transformation optics apply principles of general relativity to curve the space for light, allowing one to match the momentum and phase of light around any disorder as if that disorder were not there. This feature has been exploited in the development of invisibility cloaks. An ideal invisibility cloak, however, would require the phase velocity of light being guided around the cloaked object to exceed the vacuum speed of light-a feat potentially achievable only over an extremely narrow band. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally show that the bottlenecks encountered in previous studies can be overcome. We introduce a class of cloaks capable of remarkable broadband surface electromagnetic waves guidance around ultrasharp corners and bumps with no perceptible changes in amplitude and phase. These cloaks consist of specifically designed nonmagnetic metamaterials and achieve nearly ideal transmission efficiency over a broadband frequency range from 0(+) to 6 GHz. This work provides strong support for the application of transformation optics to plasmonic circuits and could pave the way toward high-performance, large-scale integrated photonic circuits.
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